C++ is a statically typed, compiled, general purpose, case-sensitive, free-form programming language that supports procedural, object-oriented, and generic programming.
C++ is regarded as a middle-level language, as it comprises a combination of both high-level and low-level language features.
C++ was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup starting in 1979 at Bell Labs in Murray Hill, New Jersey as an enhancement to the C language and originally named C with Classes but later it was renamed C++ in 1983.
C++ is a superset of C, and that virtually any legal C program is a legal C++ program.
C++ fully supports object-oriented programming, including the four pillars of object-oriented development:
Encapsulation
Data hiding
Inheritance
Polymorphism
Standard C++ consists of three important parts:
The core language giving all the building blocks including variables, data types and literals etc.
The C++ Standard Library giving a rich set of functions manipulating files, strings etc.
The Standard Template Library (STL) giving a rich set of methods manipulating data structures etc.
The ANSI standard is an attempt to ensure that C++ is portable -- that code you write for Microsoft's compiler will compile without errors, using a compiler on a Mac, Unix, a Windows box, or an Alpha.
The ANSI standard was stable for a while, and all the major C++ compiler manufacturers support the ANSI standard.
The most important thing to do when learning C++ is to focus on concepts and not get lost in language technical details.
The purpose of learning a programming language is to become a better programmer; that is, to become more effective at designing and implementing new systems and at maintaining old ones.
C++ got a Lot of programming styles. You can write in the style of Fortran, C, Smalltalk, etc., in any language. Each style can achieve its aims effectively while maintaining runtime and space efficiency.
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